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Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of newly-treated patients with primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL).Methods:Clinical data of 117 newly-treated PCNSL patients who were admitted to the First Hospital of Jilin University, the Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, and Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College from August 2009 to February 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients' age, sex, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) physical status (PS) score, pathological type, involvement of deep brain tissue, number of lesions, cerebrospinal fluid protein concentration, International Extranodal Lymphoma Study Group (IELSG) score, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center (MSKCC) score, treatment strategy, and response after the first-line therapy were analyzed using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models to identify the independent influencing factors for progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of PCNSL patients. Kaplan-Meier method was used for survival analysis.Results:In 117 newly-treated PCNSL patients, 59 cases (50.4%) presented with increased intracranial pressure or focal neurological symptoms at diagnosis; there were 65 cases (55.6%) with single lesions and 52 cases (44.4%) with multiple lesions; 1 patient (0.9%) had lymphoma of T-cell origin, and 116 cases (99.1%) had diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Among 95 evaluable patients, 41 patients (43.2%) achieved complete remission (CR), 20 patients (21.1%) achieved partial remission (PR), 16 patients (16.8%) achieved stable disease (SD), and 18 patients (18.9%) had progressive disease (PD). In 117 patients with median follow-up of 66.0 months (95% CI 57.9-74.1 months), the median PFS and OS were 17.4 months (95% CI 11.5-23.3 months) and 45.6 months (95% CI 20.1-71.1 months), respectively. The 2-, 3- and 5-year PFS rates were 41.2%, 28.6% and 19.3%, and OS rates were 63.7%, 52.4% and 46.3%, respectively. Univariate Cox regression analysis showed that baseline high-risk MSKCC score group was an adverse prognostic factor for PFS ( P = 0.037), and the first-line chemotherapy with ≥4 cycles of high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX), HDMTX in combination with rituximab, ≥4 cycles of rituximab in combination with HDMTX, and achieving CR or ≥PR after the first-line treatment reduced the risk of disease progression and prolonged the PFS time (all P <0.01); age >60 years old, ECOG-PS score of 2-4 points, elevated cerebrospinal fluid protein concentration, high-risk IELSG score, and high-risk MSKCC score were adverse prognostic factors for OS, and ≥4 cycles of HDMTX and achieving CR or ≥PR after the first-line treatment were favorable factors for OS. Multivariate Cox regression analysis verified that rituximab in combination with HDMTX (yes vs. no: HR = 0.349, 95% CI 0.133-0.912, P = 0.032) and achieving ≥PR after the first-line chemotherapy (yes vs. no: HR = 0.028, 95% CI 0.004-0.195, P < 0.001) were independent favorable factors for PFS; age >60 years old (>60 years old vs. ≤60 years old: HR = 10.878, 95% CI 1.807-65.488, P = 0.009) was independent unfavorable factor for OS, while ≥4 cycles of HDMTX treatment (≥4 cycles vs. <4 cycles: HR = 0.225, 95% CI 0.053-0.947, P = 0.042) was independent favorable factor for OS. Conclusions:The older the PCNSL patients at initial treatment, the worse the prognosis. Intensive and continuous treatment for achieving deeper remission may be the key for improving the outcome of PCNSL patients.
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Peripheral T-cell lymphoma (PTCL) is a group of heterogeneous malignant tumors with poor prognosis, with a lack of standard treatment regimen and poor efficacy of traditional chemotherapy. Therefore, finding new and more effective therapeutic targets to improve the efficacy of PTCL is an urgent clinical problem. In recent years, as the exploration of PTCL at the genetic and molecular levels has intensified, novel therapeutic targets based on gene alterations and molecular typing have been identified. This article summarizes the research progress of main gene alterations and molecular typing of PTCL in recent years.
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Entinostat plus exemestane in hormone receptor-positive (HR+) advanced breast cancer (ABC) previously showed encouraging outcomes. This multicenter phase 3 trial evaluated the efficacy and safety of entinostat plus exemestane in Chinese patients with HR + ABC that relapsed/progressed after ≥1 endocrine therapy. Patients were randomized (2:1) to oral exemestane 25 mg/day plus entinostat (n = 235) or placebo (n = 119) 5 mg/week in 28-day cycles. The primary endpoint was the independent radiographic committee (IRC)-assessed progression-free survival (PFS). The median age was 52 (range, 28-75) years and 222 (62.7%) patients were postmenopausal. CDK4/6 inhibitors and fulvestrant were previously used in 23 (6.5%) and 92 (26.0%) patients, respectively. The baseline characteristics were comparable between the entinostat and placebo groups. The median PFS was 6.32 (95% CI, 5.30-9.11) and 3.72 (95% CI, 1.91-5.49) months in the entinostat and placebo groups (HR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.58-0.98; P = 0.046), respectively. Grade ≥3 adverse events (AEs) occurred in 154 (65.5%) patients in the entinostat group versus 23 (19.3%) in the placebo group, and the most common grade ≥3 treatment-related AEs were neutropenia [103 (43.8%)], thrombocytopenia [20 (8.5%)], and leucopenia [15 (6.4%)]. Entinostat plus exemestane significantly improved PFS compared with exemestane, with generally manageable toxicities in HR + ABC (ClinicalTrials.gov #NCT03538171).
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As a standard treatment, endocrine therapy has dramatically enhanced the prognosis of patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer, which accounts for nearly 70% of all breast cancers. Antiestrogen drugs such as tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitors are the standard treatment options for ERα-positive breast cancer. However, acquired antiestrogen resistance is still the leading cause of disease recurrence and progression. Evidence has shown that long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) play an essential role in the development of antiestrogen resistance in ER-positive breast cancer and can serve as biomarkers or potential therapeutic targets. This review highlights the role of lncRNAs in the development of antiestrogen resistance in breast cancer.
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Objective:To report a case with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) characterized by involuntary laughter.Methods:The clinical manifestations and imaging characteristics of a patient diagnosed as FTD was analyzed. Then the results of cerebrospinal fluid, positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET-CT) and single-photon emission computed tomography examinations were collected. Blood samples were tested for related genes of FTD.Results:The patient is a 66 years old woman with insidious onset and progressing symptoms and she was mainly manifested as laughing out loud involuntarily when looking at others, childishness, stubbornness, loss of interest, irritability and other personal changes. Mild motor and language disorders were also manifested as moving slowly and speaking unclearly. The magnetic resonance imaging showed the atrophy of bilateral frontal, temporal lobe and bilateral hippocampal while the image of PET-CT showed the metabolism was reduced in different degrees. Eventually, behavioural variant of FTD was diagnosed. The result of ANXA11 gene sequencing revealed the mutation of c.107C>G(p.P36R).Conclusions:This is the first case in which a heterozygous mutation of ANXA11 gene, which is related to amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), is found in simple FTD patient, suggesting that ANXA11 gene may play an important role in the pathogenesis of FTD. This further supports the theory that ALS and FTD are spectrum disorders.
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Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL) is a group of highly heterogeneous diseases with unique pathological characteristics and genetic changes,and the prognosis of patients depends largely on this. With the development of precision medicine, it is especially important to identify high-risk patients earlier and provides related treatments to prolong the survival time of patients and improves their quality of life. In recent years,DLBCL prognosis-related laboratory markers has progressed to more effectively pre-dict patient prognosis and guides clinical treatment. This review summarizes the recent advances in laboratory markers in the prognosis of DLBCL.
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Objective: To investigate the effect of HOXD3 expression on the stem cell-like characteristics of breast cancer cells and the relationship between HOXD3 expression and multi-drug resistance in breast cancer cells. Methods: From January 2006 to December 2008, 87 specimens of breast cancer patients from the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University were collected. The ex-pression of HOXD3 in breast cancer cells and tissues was detected by immunohistochemical staining method. The expression levels of HOXD3 in CDDP or DOX-resistant cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435 were detected by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunofluo-rescence staining. The effect of HOXD3 overexpression on the expression levels of stem cell biomarkers in breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435 was analyzed. MTT assay and colony formation assay were used to demonstrate the role of HOXD3 in che-motherapy resistance of breast cancer cells. Results: The relative expression of HOXD3 mRNA in breast cancer was 4.16, which was sig-nificantly higher than 2.05 in normal tissues adjacent to cancer; the relative expression levels of HOXD3 mRNA in breast cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231, MDA-MBB-435 and MCF-7 were 3.25, 2.84 and 2.23, which were all higher than 1.00 in normal breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A ( all P＜0.05 ). The IC50s of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435 cell lines resistant to CDDP or DOX were (20.82±0.05) μmol/L, (19.69±0.47) μmol/L, (32.26±0.23) mmol/L and (26.08±0.55) mmol/L, respectively. Both were higher than the corresponding original cell lines (all P＜0.05), and the drug resistance times were 2.47 and 3.10 or 1.86 and 2.08, respectively. The number of tumor spheres and stem cell biomarker expression levels of MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-435 with HOXD3 overexpression were significantly in-creased (all P＜0.05). Conclusions: The expression of HOXD3 plays an important role in the maintenance of stem cell-like properties and drug resistance of breast cancer cells. The results of this study will help us better understand the complexity of breast cancer and pro-vide a theoretical basis for the development of targeted molecular therapy.
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PURPOSE: In this study, we aimed to evaluate lymphocyte-activation gene-3 (LAG-3) expression and its prognostic value in neoadjuvant-treated triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). METHODS: LAG-3, programmed death-1 (PD-1), programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1), and CD8⁺ tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte (TILs) levels were examined using immunohistochemistry in 148 preand 114 post-neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) specimens of human TNBC tissue. Correlations between expression levels and clinicopathological features were analyzed. Prognostic values for combined detection in TNBC following NACT were evaluated. RESULTS: In pre-NACT specimens, LAG-3 expression showed a significant association with pathological complete response (pCR, p=0.038) and was correlated with PD-1 (p<0.001) and PD-L1 (p=0.008). In post-NACT specimens, high expression of LAG-3 showed significant effects on nodal status (p=0.023) and PD-1 (p<0.001). The expression of immune markers on TILs significantly increased following NACT. Multivariate analysis indicated that only nodal status (odds ratio [OR], 0.226; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.079–0.644; p=0.005) and high quantities of CD8⁺TILs (OR, 3.186; 95% CI, 1.314–7.721; p=0.010) are independent predictors of pCR. Nodal status (hazard ratio [HR], 2.666; 95% CI, 1.271–5.594; p=0.010), CD8⁺TILs (HR, 0.313; 95% CI, 0.139–0.705; p=0.005), and the LAG-3-high/PD-L1-high group (HR, 2.829; 95% CI, 1.050–7.623; p=0.040) provided prognostic values for patients with TNBC following NACT. CONCLUSION: CD8+TILs were sensitive predictive markers in response to NACT. High expression of LAG-3 in residual tissues, especially in combination with PD-L1, was associated with poor prognosis.
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Humans , Biomarkers , Drug Therapy , Immunohistochemistry , Lymphocytes, Tumor-Infiltrating , Multivariate Analysis , Neoadjuvant Therapy , Polymerase Chain Reaction , Prognosis , Triple Negative Breast NeoplasmsABSTRACT
Objective To explore the significances of expression of tumor associated macrophages ( TAMs) and its correlation with microvessel density ( MVD) in triple negative breast cancer ( TNBC) .Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to detect TAMs and MVD expression in 108 TNBC tissues and to analyze the cor-relation between TAMs with clinicopathological features ,prognosis and MVD.Results The expression of TAMs was correlated with the tumor size,lymph node metastasis,histological grade,TNM stage and MVD,but had no statistically significant association with age .TAMs was correlated with 5 year disease free survival ( DFS) and over-all survival( OS);MVD was correlated with 5 year DFS, while no correlation with OS .Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that TAMs was an independent unfavorable prognostic factor for patients with TNBC .Conclusion High infiltration of TAMs indicated poor survival rate for patients with TNBC .The infiltration of TAMs was a new,important risk factor for TNBC recurrence .TAMs were closely related to MVD ,by promoting tumor angiogen-esis,thereby promoting TNBC growth ,invasion and metastasis ,and further affect the prognosis of patients with TN-BC.
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Objective The objective of this study was to explore the expression of miRNA-124(miR-124)and its correlation with E-cadherin and androgen receptor(AR)in triple-negative breast cancer(TNBC).Methods The expression of miR-124 was detected by RT-PCR in TNBC tissues and adjacent normal breast tissues.The expression of E-cadherin and AR in TNBC was detected by immunohistochemistry.Results The expression of miR-124 in TNBC tissues was significantly correlated with histological grade and the expression of E-cadherin(P0.05).Conclusion In TNBC,miR-124 may play an anti-tumor effect by modulating the expression of E-cadherin.
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Immune checkpoint inhibitors are members of a class of immune-suppressive molecules that regulate the strength and range of immune responses to avoid normal tissue damage. However, immune checkpoint activity can be stimulated by tumors to es-cape immune surveillance. To elicit anti-tumor effects, immune checkpoint inhibitors can promote the activation of T cells by blocking immune checkpoint proteins. Therefore, these inhibitors can be efficiently and safely used to treat solid tumors. Although the clinical usage of these inhibitors is in the initial stage, they have exhibited good efficacy and safety in lymphoma treatment. This review sum-marizes the biological activities of CTLA-4, PD-1, and PD-L1 and the application of antibodies as drugs for lymphoma treatment.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the safety and efficacy of pegylated recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (PEG-rhG-CSF) in preventing chemotherapy-induced neutropenia in patients with breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and to provide the basis for clinical application.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the principle of open-label, randomized, parallel-group controlled clinical trial, all patients were randomized by 1∶1∶1 into three groups to receive PEG-rhG-CSF 100 μg/kg, PEG-rhG-CSF 6 mg, or rhG-CSF 5 μg/kg, respectively. The patients with breast cancer received two chemotherapy cycles, and the NSCLC patients received 1-2 cycles of chemotherapy according to their condition. All patients were treated with the combination chemotherapy of TAC (docetaxel+ epirubicin+ cyclophosphamide) or TA (docetaxel+ epirubicin), or the chemotherapy of docetaxel combined with carboplatin, with a 21 day cycle.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The duration of grade 3-4 neutropenia in the PEG-rhG-CSF 100 μg/kg and PEG-rhG-CSF 6 mg groups were similar with that in the rhG-CSF 5 μg/kg group (P>0.05 for all). The incidence rate of grade 3-4 neutropenia in the PEG-rhG-CSF 100 μg/kg group, PEG-rhG-CSF 6 mg group, and G-CSF 5 μg/kg group were 69.7%, 68.4%, and 69.5%, respectively, with a non-significant difference among the three groups (P=0.963). The incidence rate of febrile neutropenia in the PEG-rhG-CSF 100 μg/kg group, PEG-rhG-CSF 6 mg group and G-CSF 5 μg/kg group were 6.1%, 6.4%, and 5.5%, respectively, showing no significant difference among them (P=0.935). The incidence rate of adverse events in the PEG-rhG-CSF 100 μg/kg group, PEG-rhG-CSF 6 mg group and G-CSF 5 μg / kg group were 6.7%, 4.1%, and 5.5%, respectively, showing a non-significant difference among them (P=0.581).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>In patients with breast cancer and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) undergoing TAC/TA chemotherapy, a single 100 μg/kg injection or a single fixed 6 mg dose of PEG-rhG-CSF at 48 hours after chemotherapy show definite therapeutic effect with a low incidence of adverse events and mild adverse reactions. Compared with the continuous daily injection of rhG-CSF 5 μg/kg/d, a single 100 μg/kg injection or a single fixed 6 mg dose of PEG-rhG-CSF has similar effect and is more advantageous in preventing chemotherapy-induced neutropenia.</p>
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Female , Humans , Antineoplastic Agents , Therapeutic Uses , Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols , Breast Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Carboplatin , Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung , Drug Therapy , Cyclophosphamide , Epirubicin , Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor , Therapeutic Uses , Incidence , Induction Chemotherapy , Lung Neoplasms , Drug Therapy , Neutropenia , Epidemiology , Polyethylene Glycols , Recombinant Proteins , TaxoidsABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To establish subcutaneous xenograft models of gastric cancer in nude mice and to screen the predictive biomarkers of bevacizumab effectiveness.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Subcutaneous xenograft models were established using BGC823 gastric cancer cell line in 20 male 4-week old BALB/C-nu/nu nude mice and were randomly divided into four groups, bevacizumab group(15 mg/kg), 5-FU group(15 mg/kg), combined group and control group, with 5 mice in each group. Bevacizumab and 5-FU were administered intraperitoneally every other day for three weeks. After treatment, tumor size and inhibition rate were calculated. Expression of CD31 was examined by immunohistochemistry for evaluation of microvascular density(MVD). Levels of human vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF), basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), placental growth factor (PIGF) and interleukin 8(IL-8) were tested by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Compared to the control group, bevacizumab group and combined group had a significantly lower MVD(5.2±1.0 and 4.3±1.2 vs. 13.8±1.6, P<0.05), a smaller tumor volume [(305.6±184.1) mm(3) and (242.2±71.4) mm(3) vs.(1535.2±625.1) mm(3), P<0.05], and lower levels of VEGF and IL-8 in tumor tissues [VEGF:(351.6±84.1) ng/L and (242.2±71.4) ng/L vs. (1256.7±702.1) ng/L, P<0.05); IL-8:(20 903±1485) ng/L and (27 489±6772) ng/L vs. (57 032±2437) ng/L, P<0.05]. The above parameters were not significantly different between 5-FU group and control group(all P>0.05). Levels of bFGF and IGF were not significantly different among four groups as well(all P>0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>VEGF and IL-8 may be used to be biomarkers candidates to predict bevacizumab effectiveness on human gastric cancer.</p>
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Animals , Humans , Male , Mice , Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized , Bevacizumab , Biomarkers , Cell Line, Tumor , Fluorouracil , Heterografts , Immunohistochemistry , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Mice, Nude , Stomach Neoplasms , Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A , Xenograft Model Antitumor AssaysABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To review the clinical features of duodenal gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GISTs), and to compare the clinical efficacy among different surgical treatments for duodenal GISTs.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinicalpathological data of 36 cases of duodenal GISTs undergoing operation in The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from January 2000 to July 2013 were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients received surgical treatments, including 15 cases with regional resection, 8 cases with segmental resection, 12 cases with pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD), and 1 case with liver biopsy, respectively. Clinical efficacy between pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and non-PD (NPD) was compared.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Nine of 36 cases (25%) developed postoperative complications who were all in the PD group. Eight patients recovered and healed finally after active treatment, and 1 case was complicated with acute pancreatitis, pancreatic fistula and intra-abdominal infection. The median follow-up time was 54 months and the 5-year overall survival (OS) rate and 5-year recurrence-free survival (RFS) rate were 78.1% and 72.1%, respectively. The 5-year OS rate in the PD group and the NPD group was 61.1% and 61.1% respectively. The 5-year RFS rate in the PD group and the NPD group was 85.8% and 78.8% respectively. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference between the both groups (P=0.71 and P=0.89).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>For duodenal GISTs patients, regional resection and segmental resection have similar clinical outcomes to pancreaticoduodenectomy while the former two can obviously decrease the incidence of postoperative complications. Based on the premise of R0 resection guaranteed, regional sectional and segmental resection with less injury should be the surgical treatment of choice.</p>
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Humans , Duodenal Neoplasms , Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors , Intraabdominal Infections , Pancreatic Fistula , Pancreaticoduodenectomy , Postoperative Complications , Retrospective Studies , Survival RateABSTRACT
Node negative breast cancer is a prevalent form of breast cancer .With the improvement of breast cancer screening and disease awareness ,the rates of node negative breast cancer are gradually increasing . Although node negative breast cancer patients have much lower recurrence rates as compared with node positive patients,node-negative breast cancer is unequal to a low risk disease .Thus,it is important for oncologist to esti-mate the risk factors of node negative disease ,to carry out risk assessment and to guide the best regimen for these patients.In current review ,we discuss the value of traditional prognostic factors and new prognostic factors ,such as the urokinase -type plasminogen activator/plasminogen activator inhibitor 1,oncotype DX,MammaPrint and tumor associated macrophages ,on the predictive and treatment decisions in node negative breast cancer .
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Objective To investigate the association between serum sex hormone levels as well as body mass index and breast cancer in postmenopausal women .Methods We selected the cases of postmenopausal women who accepted surgical treatment for the first time which from March 2013 to December 2013 in the depart-ment of breast surgery the Affiliated Tumor Hospital of Harbin Medical University ,of which 118 cases of patients with breast cancer and 60 cases of benign breast lesions as control group .Meanwhile,information of body height and weight.were collected.Serum estradiol(E2),estrone(E1),testosterone(TSTO)and androstenedione(AED) concentrations were measured in 118 postmenopausal women with breast cancer patients and 60 matched control subjects by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA),then the results were estimated.Results The levels of serum E2,E1,AED of breast cancer group were significantly higher than those in control group (P0.05).The levels of body mass index(BMI)were not statistically significant(P>0.05)between breast cancer group and the control group .The level of E1 in breast cancer group and levels of E 1,TSTO,AED in overall of overweight group were significantly higher in overweight (P<0.05),yet we have not found association between levels of hormone and BMI .Conclusion The level of serum sex hormones is higher with breast cancer in postmenopausal women ,while high serum levels of E2,E1,AED maybe associated with breast cancer in postm-enopausal women .Sex hormones are higher in postmenopausal women with high BMI .
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Triple negative breast cancer is a special subtype of breast cancer , including basal -like breast cancer and unclassified breast cancer .Since it was defined in 2005 ,the differences from other subtypes in biological characteristics and poor prognosis of TNBC have became priorities and hotspots which are researched by epidemiologists ,pathologists and clinicians .According to the research ,the risk factors of TNBC include race ,obe-sity,age,women′s reproductive process,oral contraceptive use,physical activity,abortion history,family history, socio-economic factors and so on .This review focuses on race ,obesity,age,women′s reproductive process ,oral contraceptive use ,according to the latest research results of risk factors of TNBC ,helping healthy people get a bet-ter understanding of TNBC and preventing the incidence of TNBC ,suggesting clinicians combine the biological characteristics and epidemiological features and further instructing people to take precautions .This paper also pro-vides theoretical basis for researcher on the further investigaticans of the etiology of TNBC .
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The pathogenesis of malignant lymphoma has been an important topic in tumor research ,but it is still unclear.Recent clinical studies showed that the expression level of Toll -like receptor 4(TLR4)was signif-icantly high in mantle cell lymphoma tissue and a variety of lymphoma cell lines .At the same time,the TLR4 ex-pression level was correlated with prognosis .The Role of TLR4 in malignant lymphoma for occurrence and devel-opment is reviewed in this article ,which may elucidate the pathogenesis and provide a new basis for the therapy of lymphoma.
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Objective To investigate the expression of matrixmetalloprotein -9(MMP-9)and E-cad-herin in triple negative breast cancer ( TNBC) and its relationship with the clinicopathologic features of TNBC .To analyze the function of MMP -9 and E-cadherin in TNBC .Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of MMP -9 and E-cadherin in 127 cases of TNBC.Results The MMP-9 positive rate was 53.54%and E-cadherin positive grade was 32.28%in TNBC.Expression of MMP-9 was correlated with tumor size(P=0.007),histological grade(P=0.006),TNM stage(P=0.003),lymph node metastasis(P=0.000)and lymph duct invasive(P=0.000).Expression of E-cadherin was correlated with lymph node metasta-sis(P=0.016)and lymph duct invasive(P=0.015).However,they were not correlated with other factors .Con-clusion The expression of MMP -9 and E -cadherin was correlated with invasion and metastasis in TNBC , which could be an important research topic in the future studies .
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Objective To investigate the value of carotid and lower limbs arteries atherosclerosis in prediction of intracranial atherosclerosis combined with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods Seventy-four patients with T2DM received the carotid artery , lower limbs arterial color Doppler ultrasound and cranial MRA examination. The data was analysised by Pearson correlation and Binary Logistic methods. Results With the increasement of degree of peri-arterial atherosclerosis , the intracranial arteriosclerosis was in a trend of increase. The correlation coefficients, OR values and AUC of LLAS and CAS + LLAS for intracranial atherosclerosis were 0.28 (P < 0.05) and 0.33 (P < 0.05), 0.14 (P < 0.05) and 9.28 (P < 0.05), 70.30% (P < 0.05) and 70.60% (P < 0.05), respectively. The cut-off point of LLAS and CAS + LLAS was lever 2. Conclusion The LLAS and CAS + LLAS with T2DM are independent risk factors for intracranial atherosclerosis , owning certain forecast values.